Role of Airway Epithelial Cells in Development of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

ABSTRACT

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by airflow limitation of peripheral airways that is not fully reversible. COPD is associated with airway remodeling, which thickens the airway walls and narrows the airway as a result. Exposure to cigarette smoke is the major risk factor for this condition. Pathogens including viruses and bacteria may induce COPD exacerbations. Now there is more evidence to suggest a significant relationship between airway epithelial cells and the pathogenesis of COPD. Airway epithelial cells make up an efficient barrier against pathogens and aggressive molecules. However, after exposure to cigarette smoke and pathogens, epithelial cells are stimulated to release a variety of pro-inflammatory mediators, including chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors through signaling pathways. These mediators recruit or stimulate other types of cells to induce an increased inflammatory response, production of mucus, and finally result in airway remodeling. After epithelium injury, epithelial cells participate in the process of repair and regeneration to maintain the epithelial integrity. A better understanding of the role of airway epithelial cells in COPD may be valuable to provide a basis for new therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:

Airway epithelial cell, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inflammation, remodeling, wound repair.