Tobacco Consumption and Oral, Pharyngeal and Lung Cancers

ABSTRACT

Tobacco consumption remains a significant threat to public health around the world and smoking-related diseases are considered the world’s most preventable cause of death. Smoking is associated to several diseases and conditions, most importantly different types of cancer. At least 30% of all cancer death is related to smoking including 87% and 70% of lung cancer deaths in men and women, respectively. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths compared to cancer of other organs in both men and women. Also, tobacco is a known risk factor of oral and pharyngeal malignancies. Although oral cancer accounts for 1%-2% of all cancers in the body, it carries a relatively high rate of mortality. It has been shown that the risk of oral cancer is reduced by smoking cessation. Also, mortality and morbidity of oral cancer could be effectively reduced by elimination of this risk factor. In this article, we review the current literature on the relationship of tobacco with oral, pharyngeal and lung cancers. We present the epidemiologic and experimental evidence supporting the link between tobacco use and the induction and development of cancer. The association between genetic susceptibility and tobacco carcinogens is discussed. supported by genome-wide association studies. Public health preventive measures and tobacco control means are emphasized as well.

Keywords:

Tobacco, Smoking, Mouth neoplasm, Lung, Pharynx, Epidemiology, Risk factors, Genetics, Susceptibility.