The Open Drug Safety Journal

2011, 2 : 29-38
Published online 2011 March 11. DOI: 10.2174/1876818001102010029
Publisher ID: TODSJ-2-29

RESEARCH ARTICLE
 Manganese Based MR Contrast Agents: Formulation and Clinical Applications

Elizaveta Chabanova, * , Vibeke B Logager , Jakob M Moller and Henrik S Thomsen
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark

* Address correspondence to this author at the Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Department of Diagnostic Radiology 54E2, Herlev Ringvej 75, Herlev, DK-2730, Denmark; Tel: +45 44884390; Fax: +45 44910480; E-mail: elcha@heh.regionh.dk

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the development and clinical applications of positive manganese based MR contrast agents, including both intrave¬nous (i.v.) and oral formulations. The i.v. formulation is a manganese–dipyridoxyl diphosphate chelate which is commer¬c¬ially available; whereas the oral formulation is a mixture of MnCl2, alanine and Vitamin D3, which is currently under clinical trials. The compositions, preclinical studies and pharmacokinetics of both form¬ulations are discussed. The main reported clinical difference between the two formulations is that i.v. administration exposes all the organs, whereas oral ingestion exposes only the enterohepatic circulation. Manganese based MR contrast agents are particularly suitable for detection of focal liver lesions due to their uptake by the mito¬chondria rich hepatocytes, and biliary delineation due to their biliary excretion; it can provide useful information in diffuse liver lesions. Further, the i.v. formulation can be used for focal pancreatic lesions.

Keywords:

Manganese, metabolism, Mangafodipir, CMC-001, positive contrast agent, liver, gallbladder, biliary tree, cancer, metastases, cirrhosis, pancreas, chemotherapy.