Microbial and Biochemical Aspects of Antibiotic Producing Microorganisms from Soil Samples of Certain Industrial Area of India- An Overview

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial agents produced by the soil borne microorganisms like (Actinomycetales, Pseudomonas auregenosa, staphyllo coccous spp etc) community in the industrial areas as well as in agricultural soil have been reported to amend with diverse amounts of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) or farmyard manure (FM). It was shown, by using the 16S rDNA polymerase chain reaction—restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods for Actinomycetales isolates, tow major clusters. The cluster SI is composed of two related families: Streptomycetaceae, dominant family and Pseudonocardiaceae. However, SII is composed of Nocardioidaceae family. The actinomycetes yielded about 70 % of these, and the remaining 30 % are products of filamentous fungi and non-actinomycete bacteria. Most of the bioactive compounds from actinomycete sort into several major structural classes such as amino glycosides (e.g., streptomycin and kanamycin), ansamycins (e.g., rifampin), anthracyclines (e.g., doxorubicin), β-lactam (cephalosporins), macrolides (e.g., erythromycin), and tetracycline. The present paper is the compilation of studies aimed at isolating and characterizing the nutraceutically as well as medicinally significant compounds, mainly antibiotics from the soil of vicinity of certain industrial areas of India, capable of acting on clinically resistant strains of infectious organisms.

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