Characterization and Treatment of Severe Malaria in Hospitalized Children at a Ghanaian District Hospital

ABSTRACT

Objective: To document the demography of paediatric admissions due to severe malaria, presentation and determinants of clinical symptoms and treatment for the condition at the KNUST Hospital, Ghana.

Methods: A prospective, non-randomized, observational study was undertaken at the Children’s Ward of the KNUST Hospital, in Kumasi. During a one month period, the symptoms on admission, treatment and treatment outcome of included children were documented. Inclusion criteria were age 0-144 months, verbal informed consent and severe malaria defined by presence of asexual Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia coupled with at least one criterion suggestive of severe malaria as defined by WHO.

Results: Overall, there were 82 malaria admissions with 69 cases being enrolled. On admission, mean haemoglobin levels were consistent for both males and females. Mean body weight was higher for females. Main presentations were anaemia of moderate to severe form (56); fever (52) and convulsions (24). Prostration was observed in all cases. Children under 5 years of age were associated with anaemia (p=0.018) and neurological symptoms (p=0.003). Clinical presentation of severe malaria was found to be independent of patients’ sex. Quinine was used as treatment in 17 cases; monotherapy with artemisinin derivatives in 26 cases and artemisinin-amodiaquine combinations in 19 of the cases. No deaths were recorded.

Conclusions: Children under 5 years of age presented more often with severe malaria. Prostration, anaemia and neurological symptoms were the most frequent manifestations.

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